PC organize a response based on intracellular calcium variation following which cell division can occur. Through calcium channels formed by the interaction of polycystins PC-1 and PC-2, PC act as mechanosensors, reacting to liquid flow in structures as various as the nephron, biliary vesicle or pancreatic duct. Studies of these diseases have led to a better understanding of the role of PC. Since PC are found in most tissues, defects in ciliogenesis can be responsible for multi-organ syndromes resulting in various pathological conditions such as cystic kidney disease, mental retardation, damage to the retina, liver fibrosis, as well as malformations occurring in the cerebellum, bones and digits. PC have been detected in the majority of cell types, with few notable exceptions (for a complete list see: ) such as intestinal epithelial cells. 1. Introduction The primary cilium (PC) is a solitary flagella which arises at the surface of non-proliferating cells. We conclude that the primary cilium directly participates in the HH pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Using human colorectal cancer cell lines we found a clear correlation between the presence of the PC and the expression of the final HH effector, GLI1, and provide evidence of a functional link between the two by demonstrating the recruitment of the SMO receptor to the membrane of the primary cilium. In this study, we report the presence of the PC in adenocarcinoma cells of primary colorectal tumors at all stages. However, normal epithelial cells of the colon display an inactive HH pathway and lack a PC. In most tissues, the HH pathway is highly connected to the primary cilium (PC), an organelle that recruits functional components and regulates the HH pathway.
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